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Abu.Yaqoob.Jhangir
30-03-2005 @ 10:41 PM    Notify Admin about this post
Abu Yaqoob Muhammad Jahangir ibn Ramadhaan (Birmingham, UK)
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Joined: Apr 2003
          
Bismillah

As-Salaam Alaykum

Has Islaam or the Muslims contributed to the world of martial arts or weaponary through out anytime of history?

By this i mean have the muslims developed a fighting skill of there own that was used in either warfare or general combat situations?

i am definatley aware of the Scimitar ~(sometimes referred to as the Saracen Sword) which was one of the main weapons used against the crusaders. and also that the Companions or Rasullulaah Salalaahu alayhe wasallam used to practice wrestling/ grapling.

also has anyone information what kind of Bow's they had for archery in the time of the Sahaaba? and its material.

does anyone know of the muslim amourey both offensive and defensive as well? E.g shields, canons, clothing and helmets and such. from the sahaabas -onwards

what did the sahaaba wear for battle? i cant imagine they fought in there thowbs! masha'Allaah if they had done!

on a general note what did the Sahaabas wear on everyday occaision? Both Male and Female dress codes if possible, assuming the women were amongst women only, and the men outside of the home.




Abu Yaqoob Muhammad Jahangir Ibn Ramadhaan Ibn Himat Ibn Raheem Khan

ibrahim.bukhari
31-03-2005 @ 3:47 PM    Notify Admin about this post
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wa 'alaikumus salaam wa rahmatullaah,

QUESTION: Has Islaam or the Muslims contributed to the world of martial arts or weaponary through out anytime of history?


I found some interesting articles on the martial art known as Silat.  A simple internet search should provide more information on this subject insha'Allaah.

Here is a sample taken from one of the sites I read from:

quote:
Silat Seni Gayong was founded by Dato Meor Abdul Rahman who came from a family of celebrated Muslim warriors. Although Seni Gayong was officially founded in 1963, the origin of this art traces itself back to the early 15th century. For centuries, in Malaysia, silat was taught exclusively to the Muslim Malays. The exponents of this art regard this system as a wholly combative art that is neither recreational nor sportive. The combative nature of Silat Seni Gayong is evinced in the word ?Gayong? which means using any elements in the surrounding area to deflect an oncoming attack. The word ?Silat? implies the application of systematic fighting techniques that stems from the lifestyle of the Muslim Malay
people.

Known as a fierce Muslim art of war in the Malay archipelago, in the 15th century, Silat was used extensively to keep treason and colonialism at bay. The ?pesilat? or one who practices silat begins and ends his practice by submitting to Allah Subhanawata?ala. He worships and fears none but Allah The Most Glorious One. Although the techniques used in Silat can be described as brutal and lethal, the ?pesilat? constantly prays to Allah Ta?ala to never accord him the opportunity to apply his knowledge. The ?pesilat? is never the aggressor but merely a defender. The ?pesilat? does not believe in violence and would never be the first to retaliate. As the ?pesilat? matures, his exercises are no longer physical but more spiritual and metaphysical. He begins to shy away from the rigors of physical movements but relegate most of his time to the worship of Allah Ta?ala.

We hope that Muslim brothers and sisters and the children of Islam will take advantage of this art. Silat Seni Gayong does not and will never condone or associate itself with any form of terrorism and would allow his own life to be taken in defence of an innocent life. It?s an art that focuses in the deen of Islam and holds on to the rope of Allah Subhanahuwata?ala.


Also, I should have mentioned that the martial art mentioned above relates to the Muslims in general who practice it.  It does not necessarily mean that those who pratice this martial art have correct aqeeda or manhaj, nor does it mean that they are totally free from the shirk that can be found in most other martial arts....    waAllaahu 'alam  

إبراهيم  البخاري
Ibraheem Bukharee
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This message was edited by ibrahim.bukhari on 4-2-05 @ 9:31 PM

Hasan.Salafee
31-03-2005 @ 9:55 PM    Notify Admin about this post
Hasan ibn Shaukat ibn Muhammed (London, UK)
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بسم الله الرحمنا لرحيم

الحمد لله و الصلاة و السلام على رسول الله و بعد

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته


I decided to do a small search, to find out if there are any decriptions of the weaponry, clothing and battle strategy mentioned in any of the hadeeth in Sahih al-Bukhari.

This is a simple search that by no means comprehensive! I used keywords like 'sword' 'battle' 'shield' 'armour' 'helmet' as the keyword, try searching the the websites http://www.sahihalbukhari.com and http://www.sahihmuslim.com and post a reply if you find anything that we can benefit from.

Although the hadeeth that i managed to find from this short search are not all decriptive, they do give an idea of some of the common artillary in use, none the less, the feeling that one gets from reading these hadeeth is but, SUBHANALLAH!


Source: http://www.SahihalBukhari.com



كتاب (The Book of the Merits of the Ansar)

No. 3555  - Narrated Anas:

On the day of the battle of Uhud, the people ran away, leaving the Prophet , but Abu- Talha was shielding the Prophet with his shield in front of him. Abu Talha was a strong, experienced archer who used to keep his arrow bow strong and well stretched. On that day he broke two or three arrow bows. If any man passed by carrying a quiver full of arrows, the Prophet would say to him, "Empty it in front of Abu Talha." When the Prophet stated looking at the enemy by raising his head, Abu Talha said, "O Allah's Prophet! Let my parents be sacrificed for your sake! Please don't raise your head and make it visible, lest an arrow of the enemy should hit you. Let my neck and chest be wounded instead of yours." (On that day) I saw 'Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr and Um Sulaim both lifting their dresses up so that I was able to see the ornaments of their legs, and they were carrying the water skins of their arms to pour the water into the mouths of the thirsty people and then go back and fill them and come to pour the water into the mouths of the people again. (On that day) Abu Talha's sword fell from his hand twice or thrice.


كتاب المناقب (The Book of the Virtues of the Prophet and His Companions)

No. 3268  - Narrated Salama:

Allah's Apostle passed by some people from the tribe of Aslam practicing archery. He said, "O children of Ishmael! Throw (arrows), for your father was an archer. I am on the side of Bani so-and-so," meaning one of the two teams. The other team stopped throwing, whereupon the Prophet said, "What has happened to them?" They replied, "How shall we throw while you are with Bani so-and-so?" He said, "Throw for I am with all of you."

No. 3469  - Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:

I saw Talha's paralyzed hand with which he had protected the Prophet (from an arrow) .

No. 3473  - Narrated Qais:

I heard Sad saying, "I was the first amongst the 'Arabs who shot an arrow for Allah's Cause. We used to fight along with the Prophets, while we had nothing to eat except the leaves of trees so that one's excrete would look like the excrete balls of camel or a sheep, containing nothing to mix them together. Today Banu Asad tribe blame me for not having understood Islam. I would be a loser if my deeds were in vain." Those people complained about Sad to 'Umar, claiming that he did not offer his prayers perfectly.


كتاب فضائل الصحابة (The Book of the Companions of the Prophet)

No. 3501  - Narrated Anas:

The Prophet had informed the people about the death of Zaid, Ja'far and Ibn Rawaha before the news of their death reached them. He said with his eyes flowing with tears, "Zaid took the flag and was martyred; then Ja'far took the flag and was martyred, and then Ibn Rawaha took the flag and was martyred. Finally the flag was taken by one of Allah's swords (i.e. Khalid bin Al-Walid) and Allah gave them (i.e. the Muslims) victory."


كتاب الجهاد والسير (The Book of Jihaad)

No. 2684  - Narrated Al-Bara:

that a man asked him. "O Abu 'Umara! Did you flee on the day (of the battle) of Hunain?" He replied, "No, by Allah, the Prophet did not flee but the hasty people fled and the people of the Tribe of Hawazin attacked them with arrows, while the Prophet was riding his white mule and Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harith was holding its reins, and the Prophet was saying, 'I am the Prophet in truth, I am the son of 'Abdul Muttalib.' "

No. 2707  - Narrated Abu Usaid:

On the day (of the battle) of Badr when we stood in rows against (the army of) Quraish and they stood in rows against us, the Prophet said, "When they do come near you, throw arrows at them."

No. 2709  - Narrated Anas bin Malik:

Abu Talha and the Prophet used to shield themselves with one shield. Abu Talha was a good archer, and when he threw (his arrows) the Prophet would look at the target of his arrows.

No. 2710  - Narrated Sahl:

When the helmet of the Prophet was smashed on his head and blood covered his face and one of his front teeth got broken, 'Ali brought the water in his shield and Fatima the Prophet's daughter) washed him. But when she saw that the bleeding increased more by the water, she took a mat, burnt it, and placed the ashes on the wound of the Prophet and so the blood stopped oozing out.

No. 2715  - Narrated Abu Umama:

Some people conquered many countries and their swords were decorated neither with gold nor silver, but they were decorated with leather, lead and iron.

No. 2739  - Narrated Abu Ishaq:

A man asked Al-Bara', "O Abu 'Umara! Did you all flee on the day (of the battle) of Hunain?" He replied, "No, by Allah! Allah's Apostle did not flee, but his young unarmed companions passed by the archers of the tribe of Hawazin and Bani Nasr whose arrows hardly missed a target, and they threw arrows at them hardly missing a shot. So the Muslims retreated towards the Prophet while he was riding his white mule which was being led by his cousin Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib. The Prophet dismounted and invoked Allah for victory; then he said, 'I am the Prophet, without a lie; I am the son of 'Abdul Muttalib, and then he arranged his companions in rows."

كتاب الفتن (The Book of Tribulations and the End of the World)

No. 6623  - Narrated Abu Musa:

The Prophet said, "If anyone of you passed through our mosque or through our market while carrying arrows, he should hold the iron heads," or said, "..... he should hold (their heads) firmly with his hand lest he should injure one of the Muslims with it."


كتاب المغازي (The Book of Military Expeditions)

No. 3710  - Narrated 'Abdullah:

The Prophet recited Surat-an-Najm and then prostrated himself, and all who were with him prostrated too. But an old man took a handful of dust and touched his forehead with it saying, "This is sufficient for me." Later on I saw him killed as an infidel.
Narrated 'Urwa (the son of Az- Zubair): Az-Zubair had three scars caused by the sword, one of which was over his shoulder and I used to insert my fingers in it. He received two of those wounds on the day of Badr and one on the day of Al-Yarmuk. When 'Abdullah bin Zubair was killed, 'Abdul-Malik bin Marwan said to me, "O 'Urwa, do you recognize the sword of Az-Zubair?" I said, "Yes." He said, "What marks does it have?" I replied, "It has a dent in its sharp edge which was caused in it on the day of Badr." 'Abdul- Malik said, "You are right! (i.e. their swords) have dents because of clashing with the regiments of the enemies Then 'Abdul-Malik returned that sword to me (i.e. Urwa). (Hisham, 'Urwa's son said, "We estimated the price of the sword as three-thousand (Dinars) and after that it was taken by one of us (i.e. the inheritors) and I wish I could have had it.")

No. 3711  - Narrated Hisham:

That his father said, "The sword of Az-Zubair was decorated with silver." Hisham added, "The sword of 'Urwa was (also) decorated with silver. "

No. 3719  - Narrated Usaid:

On the day of Badr, Allah's Apostle said to us, "When the enemy comes near to you, shoot at them but use your arrows sparingly (so that your arrows should not be wasted)."

No. 3784  - Narrated Sad bin Abi Waqqas:

The Prophet took out a quiver (of arrows) for me on the day of Uhud and said, "Throw (arrows); let my father and mother be sacrificed for you."

No. 3859  - Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:

We took part in the Ghazwa of Najd along with Allah's Apostle and when the time for the afternoon rest approached while he was in a valley with plenty of thorny trees, he dismounted under a tree and rested in its shade and hung his sword (on it). The people dispersed amongst the trees in order to have shade. While we were in this state, Allah's Apostle called us and we came and found a bedouin sitting in front of him. The Prophet said, "This (Bedouin) came to me while I was asleep, and he took my sword stealthily. I woke up while he was standing by my head, holding my sword without its sheath. He said, 'Who will save you from me?' I replied, 'Allah.' So he sheathed it (i.e. the sword) and sat down, and here he is." But Allah's Apostle did not punish him.


والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا أنت أستغفرك وأتوب إليك




Imaam al-Awzaa'ee said, "Patiently restrict yourselves to the sunnah, stop where the people stopped, say what they said, avoid what they avoided. Take to the path of the salaf, for indeed what was sufficient for them was sufficient for you."

Hamza-L-F
23-06-2005 @ 8:01 PM    Notify Admin about this post
Hamza ibn Shaukat ibn Muhammad (London, UK)
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Posts: 96
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Asalaamu 'alaykum

I recalled a brother asking whether Islaam contributed to the world of martial arts and wanted to add the following article to this thread:

Muslim Kung-Fu: Past and Present
By Ted Mancuso

This article was originally published in Inside Kung-Fu, September 1999 with the title "Moslem Kung-Fu: The Fist of the Bodyguards"

China is a dish spiced by many cultures. There are over 50 minorities among the Chinese besides the Han people themselves. A significant number, over five million of these, are Muslims - known in Chinese as the 'Hui' people. In the tenth century large numbers of Persians and Arabs extended the Muslim trade routes deep into China. Many settled and widely dispersed through the country; some living among the general population, some sticking close to concentrated communities of believers.

Known for toughness, courage and high spirit the Muslim population of China has not been passive in its growth. Often exploited and suppressed they maintained a stubborn reliance on their beliefs and fighting skills. But reprisals often came. In the Ching dynasty, for instance, three Hui people walking together with weapons could be punished. If caught committing a crime they might even had their faces branded Hui Zei (Muslim Rebel). Such was the discriminatory treatment of Muslims throughout the empire. On the other hand, in the 13th century Muslim generals rallied under a new banner and helped establish the Ming dynasty - a high point of Chinese history. Unceasingly, Muslim martial artists adopted and perfected the indigenous arts of China. They developed a number of fists that are still practiced with honor today. But at the base was one particular exercise known as:

The Muslim Spring Leg

If there is one universally recognized set for the Muslim style it is the spring leg or tan tui. At first blush tan tui seems colosally unimpressive. The moves are repetitious, stretched out, almost mechanical and performed up and back as though on a track; each segment is termed a "road". The original style was subdivided into ten such roads. Later, a southern version was introduced that split some of the harder roads into more digestible bites and expanded the set to 12 roads. To this day, if you say you practice tan tui, those in the know will immediately ask 'ten or 12?' Tan Tui is a popular set adopted by many styles and lent a special flavor by each. For instance, in one branch of mantis, there is a 14-road tan mi. With such popularity tan tui became one of the first universal kung-fu sets and therefore can claim a part as forerunner of contemporary wushu's standardized forms.

Tan tui, as we have said, is not a flashy looking set. Mostly straight punches and kicks, it seems to some to possess a robotic aspect that makes it look more like work than fun. But tan tui is so profound that many boxers throughout history have specialized in its technique. For instance, the wide-open punches of tan tui, known as yoke punches, are designed along the lines of Chinese medical practice to stretch and invigorate the meridians of the body.

Simultaneously, the yoke punch, with its exaggerated arm extension, is a perfect indicator of the placement of the student's waist. Shoulders, which normally fly upward in the beginning student, are so stretched they naturally drop and relax. The same benefits go for the extended long leg kicks of the art. As the name suggests tan tui attempts to strengthen the abdominal muscles of the practitioner by forcing him to extend while kicking. The striking leg must immediately elevate from the ground with minimal cocking action.

In true northern kung-fu long fist fashion, tan tui encourages the student to find his maximum range of motion before tightening and shortening up. Tan tui disallows the beginner's tendency of bent limbs and tensed muscles to create power. It lives up to its name of long fist by making the student think in a new way, in a sense reprogramming his ideas of power generation and range of motion.

In due course, after the student has learned the ten basic roads the real training should begin. This is a good example of ancient training methods versus more contemporary ones. Nowadays, having completed the tan tui, the student immediately moves onto another more interesting and diverse set of actions. This is too bad because the training has really just begun. For instance, since the ten roads are each seperate they can be done in any order. A good tan tui instructor will then have the student mix and match roads until any road can be done in any order at will. Then the roads are again practiced with shuffling steps, changes of speed, and angled steps breaking the robot-like aspect completely. This challenges the students creativity and ability to respond. Finally the actions from the roads are completely mixed so the student may start with No. 1, switch to No. 8, and finish with No. 5 without losing place or direction. From a simple series of movements the student is now only a small step from basic sparring practice.

Tan tui is said to have been created in the Ming dynasty by ChaShagmir (a distinctly Muslim name even in Chinese). Chamir, as he was called, was among those who went to the coast to protect the shores of China against raids by Japanese pirates. However, on this long journey he became sick from the harsh weather conditions. He was left to recuperate in a mountain village in Guanxian County. His hosts in this small village were so kind to him that when he recovered that autumn and watched them practice their kung-fu after harvest he decided to teach them the art he had devised. They were grateful and his art spread far and wide from this origin. People took the first syllable of his name 'Cha' and thus the style known as 'cha chuan' - cha fist, was born. Originally its basis, the tan tui set, was composed of 28 routines - one for each letter of the Arabic alphabet. Eventually everything was compiled into the ten road spring leg which remains with us today.

Those familiar with Arabic religious poetry will note that many root words in Arabic are without vowels and can be rearranged to create other meanings and levels of understanding. This rearrangement, also familiar to certain Christian and Jewish sects, was considered a valid study for all students of the Bible, Torah and Koran. And note as an interesting sidelight that this is precisely the method of teaching for the tan tui, taking ten routes (roots) and reassembling them to form new meanings and combinations still related to the original exercises.

There is an old saying in kung-fu that one form mastered is worth a hundred tasted. But too often people take this to indicate a mindless repetition of the form. Tan tui is a perfect example of what form mastery is meant to entail. Rather than learning flashier new forms which ultimately reduce to the same moves in new combinations with a little "Hollywood" thrown in, the traditional student of kung-fu developed power and stability with familiar movements before gradually altering them to new situations. He reinvested and compounded his knowledge. It was a wise way to save and to practice.

Known throughout China tan tui is particularly practiced in Henan, Hebei, Shangtung and Shaanxi provinces. Since its origins lie with the Hui people there is even a proverb: From Nanjin the best tan tui is that of the Hui people‌ which becomes the pun, 'Hui (Muslim) Hui (best) Tan Tui'.

Cha Chuan

As it progressed cha style and other Muslim boxing methods became known under the general name of jiao men (sect fighting). Of the many jiao men forms one group in particular, the ten sets of cha chuan, is famous. Like the ten core sets of shaolin, these famous forms encompass the entire repertoire of the cha style, not counting weapons. The first one taught is generally cha No. 4, a famous long fist form.

Cha is a particularly beautiful style. Like any northern long fist it is big, proud and fluid. Stances are lower than in most shaolin-type styles with special emphasis on height changes, waist turning and hip control. But it is cha fist's special emphasis on timing which is particularly interesting. Most beginning kung-fu practitioners sweat buckets just to coordinate hands and legs as a single unit. But as the cha student progresses this simplified coordination step and punch, kick and palm slowly disappears. It is replaced by a subtle off-set rhythm speeds from each other and from the legs.

Cha fist excels in broken rhythm, off-set rhythm and all sorts of movements that seem to set up a timing, violate it and dovetail right back into the proper beat, converging at just the right moment. "Convergence"‌ is the key word here. As in all advanced kung-fu the practitioner is looking for limbs to travel at different rates and then converge just at the moment of completion.

Seen in this light all those different moves and stances in kung-fu forms are more than just beautiful postures. Each group is actually an entirely different task requiring different coordination and convergence. Cha fist maintains the ancient and subtle variations in timing, pace and execution that make for distinctive, not cookie-cutter, kung-fu.

The Muslim Contribution

On the stage of world history the Muslim world has been an important player, especially in relations with the East. The followers of Islam were the first to bridge the gap between Chinese and Western medicine and they started that 1,000 years ago. Alchemy, beginning in China, was transported directly through the Arab world to the West and rooted itself as the beginnings of modern chemistry.

The Muslim fist in China has also made worthy contributions. When the newly formed Republic of China began its creation of a generic, contemporary version of wushu it looked to jiao men as its basis. The reasoning was interesting. Muslims, as a whole, had always been isolated within the minorities of China and therefore had far less traffic with other groups. It was thought, therefore by the powers that be, that Muslim fist must be essentially more 'pure' than many other style. It was adopted as the basis of contemporary long fist and many of the first long fist sets issued by the government office were based on cha chuan.

In certain widely accepted styles the Muslim presence has also been strong. In hsing-I for instance, many of the great practitioners were of Muslim origin and it may be that the real rudiments of the style are from Muslim culture. In weapons work, too, Muslim fist is well-represented with jiao men boasting five tiger hook sets and over ten saber sets. And last but not least, Muslims were often placed in the dangerous position of bodyguard because of their relatively non-affiliated status with other Chinese elements. Rising to this occasion they developed the beautiful and powerful style known throughout the world as pa chi (eight extremes). As the Chien Lung emperor stated in the 19th century, "For health we have tai chi, for protection pa chi."

So universally recognized was pa chi as one of the most no-nonsense styles that even in our present era it was considered without equal. Witness the fact that a famous pa chi teacher was the instructor of Chiang Kai Shek's, Mao Tse Tung's and Sun Yet Sen's bodyguards. That's right the men who protected these three sworn enemies were all kung-fu brothers.

In modern times we are constantly assailed with representations of Arab culture as seemingly comprised of religious fanatics and terrorists. Martial arts training is a nice antidote for cultural ignorance. We are allowed through it to replicate the actions practiced by different people from different cultures who lived centuries from us. We cannot only improve our health and our skills but don another person's shoes and walk down his path, or in the case of tan tui, ten roads.

Wa salaam

Subhaanakallaah humma wa bi Hamdika Ashadu allaa ilaha illa ant, astaghfiruka wa atooba ilayk

This message was edited by Hamza-L-F on 7-14-05 @ 10:02 AM

ibrahim.bukhari
29-01-2006 @ 6:53 PM    Notify Admin about this post
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wa alaikumus salaam wa rahmatullaah

Source: Kung Fu Magazine, Nov-Dec 2002

Ma Xianda, A Chinese-Muslim-Grandmaster of Kung Fu

quote:
"In an effort to standardize Chinese martial arts, the People's Republic of China (PRC) established a national ranking system for masters, the Duan system. Officially commencing in 1997, there are nine levels of Duan. Currently, only four living masters have been recognized as the highest level, Ninth Duan. The youngest of which is Grandmaster Ma Xianda of Xian, China's old capital...

...Beyond his own family, Ma Xianda has also coached renowned international Wushu Champ Zhao Changjun and even taught Jet Li what would become one of Jet's favorite forms, Fanziquan...

...Ma Xianda was born in 1932 to a Muslim family who trace their martial arts roots back six generations. Since 9/11, Muslims have been so profiled, but it's easy to forget that there are many types of Muslims today. Chinese Muslims, or Hui, represent the largest minority of the largest population in the world. Originally from Hebei, Ma Xianda learned from his father Ma Fengtu and uncle Ma Yintu, both noted masters in their own right. Ma Fengtu was a general under famed warlord Feng Yuxiang. Ma Yingtu also produced Zhang Wenguang, another ninth Duan holder. Ma Xianda learned many traditional Wushu forms including Tongbei Pigua, Kaimen Baji, Ba Shan Fen, and Cuo Jiao and also studied western boxing, wrestling and fencing...

In 1952, the first martial arts championship was held after the founding of the PRC in 1949. Ma captured the Lei Tai championship, a free fighting event where fighters knock each other off an elevated platform, defeating Tongbi master Deng Hongzhao and Cuo Jiao master Li Xuewen. He also took the Short Weapon Fighting Champion and the Wushu Performance Grand Champion. He won all this at the young of 19. The following year, Ma won the Huabei Short Weapon Tournament. This included competitors from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Ma won every single bout.

Ma went on to dedicate his life to the martial arts. After graduating from Hebei Teachers? College, he took a position at the Xian Physical Education College to teach Wushu, Boxing and fencing. He became a full professor there and taught for 30 years. Ma estimates that he has taught nearly 10,000 students, both Chinese and non-Chinese over his expansive career, including many national coaches and champions. Ma authored many books and papers on Wushu, including editing the Zhongguo Wushu Da Cidian (Chinese Wushu Encyclopedia) and earned many illustrious titles over his long career. Probably the most illustrious came in 1995 when he was recognized as one of China's Top Ten Professors of Chinese Martial Arts.

In 1998, Ma was recognized as a Ninth Duan holder. In May of 2002, Ma turned 70 years old.



Additional Info. on Ma Xianda

quote:
Ma Xianda has mastered scores of routines of different styles, including pigua, baji (eight directions), fanzi (turning) and plays with the sword and cudgel, many of which he has improved by increasing the load of exercise and serving more practical purposes according to the Ma Family Wushu principles. In fighting, he has laid down eight essential points from his own experience:

1) long-range hits;
2) cunning strokes;
3) cool-headedness;
4) timely retreats;
5) blows in rapid succession;
6) parries at close range;
7) cuts and swings; and
8) heavy force.

When in action, he is said to "move like a thunderbolt and stand as firmly as a mountain." His movements are characterized by big amplitude, agility and exertion of force to the point and coordination between physical exercise with mental activities.







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